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What is a natural logarithm?
That is a logarithm to the base "e", where "e" is a number that is approximately 2.718.
What is an antilogarithm?
An antilogarithm is the number of which the given number is the logarithm (to a given base). If x is the logarithm of y, then y is the antilogarithm of x.
What does transcendental mean in mathematics?
An algebraic number is one which is a root of a polynomial equation with rational coefficients. All rational numbers are algebraic numbers. Irrational numbers such as square roots, cube roots, surds etc are algebraic but there are others that are not. A transcendental number is such a number: an irrational number that is not an algebraic number. pi and e (the base of the exponential function) are both transcendental.
If a non-terminating decimal that is not a fraction is called irrational what do you call a non-terminating decimal that is a ratio of rational numbers such as 1 over 7?
It is called a rational number. The rational numbers are closed under the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division (not dividing by 0). The fact that it is not terminating is not important at all. In fact, if we use other bases besides base 10, we will see that the set of numbers that are rational or irrational doesn't change. However, if we use another base, for example base 3, then the number 1/3 in base 3 can be represented with a terminating "decimal" (technically not decimal). The set of rational numbers that have terminating "decimals" depends on the base.
What is a number or expression using a base and an exponent?
Most likely it is a logarithm.
