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A mapping, perhaps.
It need not be a function. The square root of a number, for example is a mapping but not a function (it is one-to-many).
It is not correlation because correlation is only a measure of a LINEAR relationship. If two variables have an even relationship (eg quadratic), the correlation between two symmetric points will be 0 even though there is a clear functional relationship.
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How does finding slope compare to finding the rate of change between two variables in a linear relationship?
The slope of a line is the same thing as the rate of change between two variables in a linear relationship.
How do you tell whether the relationship between two variables is linear?
By definition, if you graph the relationship between two variables and the result is a straight line (of whatever slope) that is a linear relationship. If it is a curve, rather than a straight line, then it is not linear.
What is a relationship between two variables in which one variable increases as the other decreases?
This is called an "inverse" relationship.
What is a good way to show the relationship between two variables?
line graph
What does a relationship between two correlated variables have?
Correlation between two variables implies a linear relationship between them. The existence of correlation implies no causal relationship: the two could be causally related to a third variable. For example, my age is correlated with the number of TV sets in the UK but obviously there is no causal link between them - they are both linked to time.
