Analog clocks have an hour hand and minute hand, and 12 numbers around a circle.
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Digital convergence
Unfortunately, not all clocks are circular. The reason that most clocks are circular is because of convenience. As clocks rely on the rotation of the hands to tell time, it is simply easier for the numbers to be arranged in a circular formation around it.
I have never seen a good diagram, but the device was mechanical, not electrical and would probably resemble an early code machine ( used to make and decode ciphers) or possibly a mechanical (these antedated the juice variety) digital clock the possibility exists it may have used a clockwork, wind up motor, also. read out would be digital as explained, like a mechanical adding machine or the now-rare mechanical digital clocks, which were invented in Germany. I have no further information on the Babbage device, which never was, well a household appliance.
On units of 12
In a digital clock, 5 past 11 would be represented as 11:05. The hour is 11 and the minute hand is pointing at the 1, indicating 5 minutes past the hour. This is a common way to read and represent time on digital clocks, where the hours are displayed first followed by the minutes.