In statistics, a quartile is each of four equal groups into which a population can be divided according to the distribution of values of a particular variable.
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The quartile deviation(QD) is half the difference between the highest and lower quartile in a distribution.
The interquartile range (IQR) is a measure of variability, based on dividing a data set into quartiles. Quartiles divide a rank-ordered data set into four equal parts.
A box and whisker plot has four quartiles in which its data is spread across.
It is marked by the minimum, and maximum, the median, as well as the lower and upper quartiles. It also shows the skewness of the data.
See related link. Upper and lower quartiles are the 75 and 25% percentile measures.