for |x| <= 1 and x != -1, you can use a taylor series expansion:
ln(1 + x) = x * (1 - x * (1/2 - x*(1/3 - x *(1/4 - x * (1/5 - x* ...)))))
Unfortunately, this is only good for a narrow range of input values, and the rate of convergence is poor.
All other methods that I was able to find would essentially require the use of a calculator.
Use the link provided to University of Arizona math page where the algorithm is explained.
you see, i don't know.
4690 without using a calculator !
540... without using a calculator !
4200 - without the aid of a calculator !
Use the link provided to University of Arizona math page where the algorithm is explained.
Logarithms, for which you would need tables.
How can you calculate the square root of 1.8E-5 without a calculator?
by calculate in mind
Only if you are a member of Mensa
you see, i don't know.
Logarithm tables help you work with logarithms without using a calculator. Calculating a logarithm can be a long process. A table eliminates the need to perform extra math. If you need a specific logarithm, you simply look it up. The calculator was invented in the 1970's. Before that, people used slide rules or tables of logarithms. Using the tables of logarithms, you could perform multiplication, division, find roots or powers - and do all of that fairly easily.
Logarithms turn multiplication into addition, which is much faster. The same applies for division, except that the logs are subtracted. Using logarithms, finding roots or powers is easy. For example, the square root of a number can be found using 1/2 times the logarithm (plus one more step). Finding square roots is something that happens often in algebra. If you did not have a calculator, square roots would be hard without logarithms.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_of_computing_square_roots
360 x 5 % = 18.00 to calculate without the use of a calculator. 360 x 10 = 36 / 2 (which would be 5%) = 18
Without antilog tables or a scientific calculator you cannot. Antilog(x) is usually 10x or ex and that is not simple to calculate.
The forex calculator is the foreign exchange rate between two or more countries. This fluctuates minute by minute, often determined by politics. Forex calculator can be programmed to calculate Pivot Points, Fibonacci levels on your PC even without Internet connection.