In math, variables (letters) such as "b" can equal anything. Depending on the context, it can mean "an amount you have to figure out based on the information provided", or "a placeholder for any amount you choose".
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No because if a=4 and b=4 then a=b and not a can equal 6 and not b can equal 5 so ~a is not = to ~b
Fractions A/B and C/D are equivalent if the cross-multiples are equal. That is, is A*D = B*CFractions A/B and C/D are equivalent if the cross-multiples are equal. That is, is A*D = B*CFractions A/B and C/D are equivalent if the cross-multiples are equal. That is, is A*D = B*CFractions A/B and C/D are equivalent if the cross-multiples are equal. That is, is A*D = B*C
2(b+h)
If a divides b and b divides a then either a is equal to b or a is equal to -b. Additional note: if a divides b, there exist a p such that ap=b. and if b divides a, there exist a q such that a=bq. then ap=(bq)p=b => b(1-pq)=0 => pq=1 since b!=0 => p=q=1 or p=q=-1 => a=b or a=-b
It is because a/b does not necessarily equal b/a. If this were true, then a2 = b2, which implies a = +/- b, which does not have to be true.Likewise, subtraction is not commutative, because a-b does not have to be equal to b-a. Here, subtraction is anticommutative because a-b = -(b-a).