The equal sign in Excel is used to start a formula. All formulas begin with the equals sign. It can also be used for comparing things. In the following example, the first equals sign is starting the formula and the second one is comparing cell A2 and B2:
=A2=B2
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The equal sign with the slash means "is not equal to".
"At least" is expressed with the "greater or equal" sign, for example, x >= 100. (I don't know how to draw the greater-or-equal sign here - it is a horizontal line beneath the greater sign).
The greater than or equal to sign is "≥".
The less-than sign alone means "less than"; if there is a line below, it means "less than or equal".
An inequality must have a greater than sign (>) OR a less than sign (<) OR a greater than or equal to sign (≥) OR a less than or equal to sign (≤).