This a standard button on most scientific calculators, it allows you to enter exponential values easily.Say you wanted to enter 1000000 in your calculator, rather than pressing 1 with 6 zeros after it, you can simply press exp then the number of digits you want (which in this case is 6)
This is makes work in science and technical fields a lot easier where you often encounter very very large and very very small numbers that you perhaps wouldn't encounter in everyday life.
For example physical constant like the speed of light is ~299000000 meters per second or planck's constant which is 0.00000000000000000000000000000000006626 joule per second (the smallest unit of energy in a QM system). You can easily imagine that punching in 34 zeros can quickly become confusing and tedious. So for the speed of light simple press 2.99 then exp then 8 or for planck's constant press 6.626 then exp then -34.
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the pi button always located on the top of 'EXP' button.
On scientific calculators, the exponent key is usually [^] , [yx] , or [exp] .
Entering exponents is done by pushing the key labeled [EXP] or [EE] or [EEX].
If you have a scientific calculator, there should be a key to input numbers in scientific notation. This key may be labeled "E" (uppercase E - the lowercase "e" means something different) or "Exp". In this case, press 1, EXP, 12 (meaning, 1 x 1012).
On my CASIO fx-115MS it is the "log" button you need to press the "shift" button then press log and a small "10" will appear on your calculator screen. Hope this helps...