A ratio is a comparison of two quantities
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The relationship is a linear one. For example when driving at a constant speed, the relationship between distance driven and the time driven is linear with a constant ratio (of the constant speed).
The unit rate is a comparison of two different quantities with one of the quantities having a value of 1. In this case, the unit rate of 12 miles in 3 hours would be 4 miles per hour. This means that for every 1 hour of time, the distance traveled would be 4 miles.
Rates cannot be expressed as a percentage because rates are typically ratios that compare two different quantities, such as distance traveled per unit of time. Percentages, on the other hand, represent a proportion out of 100. While rates can be converted to percentages by multiplying by 100, they are fundamentally different concepts and are expressed in different ways to accurately convey the relationship between the two quantities being compared.
Elapsed time refers to the time that passes between two events.
Elapsed time