It is "a pair of compasses" - usually called a compass.
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A straight edge or a ruler are used to construct straight lines.
In math a compass is an object used to draw accurate circles and arcs (parts of circles, or curves). In math, a compass is something that makes a circle and it also measures circumference. How to make a circle: A compass either has led in it or you stick a pencil in it, but it depends on what kind of compass it is. If you want to make a big circle, you expand the 2 sides. when you get it to the size you want, you stick it on paper and twirl it around. It may not be a perfect circle but it most likely will be close.
Circle is a shape. We have gotten to know a lot from circles. Because of circles, we get PI, radius, diameter, circumference, and other things. Circles fall into geometry, which is math. We can make many mathematical equations from circles.
Playing an instrument has been attributed to better problem solving skills. This is very helpful in the solving of complex math equations. For this reason and many more Learning an instrument is beneficial to young minds.
This is an uncommon term. I believe it means a circle which intersects a given circle orthogonally, i.e., with their arcs intersecting at 90 degrees.