It means you dilute your sample in a volume that is as great as the one you current sample has.
Ex: you dilute 50 ml NaCl-solution in 50 ml MQ-water.
The result of this is that the concentration will always be halved, seeing as the volume increases twofold.
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To make a 1 to 5 dilution you mix 1 part of your substance with 4 parts water. ie: Mix 1 tablespoon of creamer with 4 tables spoons of coffee, and the coffee is 1/5 creamer now.
It is a mixture of 1 part of the active ingredient (by volume) to 10 parts of the solvent.