arc
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hemisphere
The line connecting the points is called a chord; the part of the perimeter of the circle enclosed is called an arc; the area between an arc and the chord is called a circular segment.
A central angle.The section of the circle formed by that angle and the part of the circle (the part being the circumference) between the radii is called a sector.
the focus, or centre. focus is more widely used
the interior of a circle is called a cabret