2147483647 (or 2^31 - 1) if you're using unsigned ints
If you're using two's complement then it's half that since you're using the first bit for a sign instead.
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That would be 216 - 1, or 65535.
1.157920892 x 1077 (rounded)
216-1 or (2^16)-1
To get the 2s complement, change all 1 bits to 0s and all 0 bits to 1s, and add 1 to the result. So the 2s complement of the 8-bit binary number 10001011 is the binary integer 01110101. If you want that in decimal, then remember that each place value column is twice the value of the place value column to its right, and the rightmost place value column for an integer is 1. Thus 01110101 in decimal is 64 + 32 + 16 + 4 + 1 = 117 (And 10001011 as a signed 8-bit binary integer represents the decimal integer -117.)
1. A single bit can represent two different values, 0 and 1. Then simply take the largest of those two possible values, 1, and that's your answer.