A maximum or minimum is generally referred to as an extrema.
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the vertex, or very bottom point.I can also be called the maximum or minimum.
The vertex.
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Usually at the minimum or maximum of a function, one of the following conditions arises:The derivative is zero.The derivative is undefined.The point is at the end-points of the domain that is being considered (or of the naturally-defined domain, for example, zero for the square root).This will give you "candidate points"; to find out whether each of these candidate points actually is a maximum or a minimum, additional analysis is required. For example, if the second derivative is positive, you have a minimum, if the second derivative is negative, you have a maximum - but if it is zero, it may be a maximum, a minimum, or neither.
When you look at the parabola if it opens downwards then the parabola has a maximum value (because it is the highest point on the graph) if it opens upward then the parabola has a minimum value (because it's the lowest possible point on the graph)