Multiply the denominator by the whole number, add the numerator, and put that total over the denominator.
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They have to have a common denominator
Take the 2nd fraction, switch the denominator with the numerator, multiply across, simplify.
To change a fraction to a percent you must first divide! Say you have 1/4 as your fraction. You have to divide the top number by the bottom number, which will give you 0.25. From there, to find a percent from a decimal, you always have to move the decimal point to the right TWICE. So, following that rule, you'll find the percent, which in this case is 25%. :) Hope this helped!
You do not need to convert them, but it makes the calculation much simpler. For example to multiply 31/4 by 71/5: 31/4 = 3 + 1/4 71/5 = 7 + 1/5 31/4 x 71/5 = (3 + 1/4) x (7 + 1/5) = 3 x 7 + 3 x 1/5 + 1/4 x 7 + 1/4 x 1/5 = 21 + 3/5 + 1 3/4 + 1/20 = 21 + 12/20 + 1 + 15/20 + 1/20 = 22 + 18/20 = 232/5 Or, using improper fractions: 3 1/4 = 13/4 71/5 = 36/5 31/4 x 71/5 = 13/4 x 36/5 = (13 x 36)/(4 x 5) = (13 x 9)/5 = 117/5 = 232/5 Which with less calculations to be done is simpler and less liable to incur a mistake. With division the calculations would be horrendous whereas with improper fractions the "invert divisor and multiply" rule can be used very effectively: 31/4 / 71/5 13/4 / 36/5 = 13/4 x 5/36 = 65/144
It is easier to work with simplified radicals just as it is easier to work with simplified fractions. A fundamental rule for math is to simplify whenever possible, as much as possible.