Spectroscopy.
They are simply just called lines.
Two coplanar lines that never intersect are called called parallel lines.
Straight lines that never cross are called parallel lines.
Coplanar lines that do not intersect are parallel. Non-coplanar lines that do not intersect are called skew lines.
No. Skew lines are lines in different planes that are parallel.
The Zeeman Effect
Fraunhofer realised that some of these dark lines were at the same position in effect called the Zeeman effect can also cause splitting of the spectral lines.
Arnold Sommerfeld
Yes that is true! Astronomy homework?
The dark lines are absorption spectrum, the energy absorbed by Atoms in the atmosphere of the star. ================================ Fraunhofer's spectral lines.
wavelength shift
... a photonic 'fingerprint'. The picture of a star's spectral lines is its photo-spectrograph.
For one reason, astronomers can figure out what stars are composed of by looking at their spectral lines.
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1919 was awarded to Johannes Stark for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields.
Quasars have all kinds of spectral lines namely more energetic ones which makes them the brightest objects in the night sky.
The spectral lines of Sirius are blueshifted because the star is moving more or less toward us.
Elements have several spectral lines and although some lines may be the same between different elements most lines are not and the whole spectrum for each element is indeed unique.