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Vertical Integration is the act of a corporation buying everything dealing with the product: from raw material harvesting, manufacturing, shipping, etc. One famous vertical integrator is Andrew Carnegie and his Carnegie Steel Company, which controlled the iron mines, coal mines, railroads and steel mills.

Horizontal Combination is the act of a corporation "buying out" the competition. This ensures that the corporation imposes a monopoly since their competition is gone. One famous example is John Rockafeller's Standard Oil Company that owned a monopoly on the process of oil refining.

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Q: What is vertical integration and horizontal combination?
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