( X5 ) x ( X6 ) = X(5+6) = X11
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It is a number multiplied by itself multiplied by itself multiplied by itself. So if you start with x, you end up with x*x*x*x.
A number a multiplied b times (so a x a is b=2, a x a x a is b=3, a x a x a x a is b = 4, and so on) is written as ab. Since 2 is multiplied 4 times, you have 24.
An exponent indicates how many times a number is multiplied by itself, so any number can be written with the exponent 1, just as 99 = 991. Since an exponent of 1 does not change the value of a number, it is not usually shown. A number with an exponent 2 is squared and with a 3 is cubed, for example 42 = 4 x 4 = 16 and 33 = 3 x 3 x 3 = 27.
if there is something like 4x^2, then the 4 is the coefficient. It is the coefficient of the X. The squared part is the exponent. If something is just 2x, then the 2 is the exponent. It is the known number, the constant that is multiplied times the X.
This is called the exponent (or power). Example: 23 or 2^3 = 2 x 2 x 2 (3 times). 2 is the base, and 3 is the exponent.