The answer depends on what attribute you want to measure: mass, length, volume, temperature, conductivity, hardness, etc. In many cases there are several instruments for measuring things in different ranges or for different degrees of accuracy.
For example, you would not use a ruler to measure the distance between two cities.
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There are a few instruments that can theoretically be used to measure flour. The most common measuring tool is a measuring cup.
The instrument used to measure the angle between two lines is called a protractor. A protractor typically consists of a semicircular or circular tool with markings for degrees. To measure the angle, the protractor is placed along one line with the center point at the intersection of the two lines, and the angle is read where the second line crosses the protractor.
To measure the area of an arbitrary two dimensional shape you will use a planimeter. To measure an area you could also just use a simple ruler depending on how big the area is.
A physical therapist uses math when he/she checks the total amount of how much they need to charge each patient. They also use it when they measure how swollen or how large a body part is. Whenever an instrument is used, like a goinometer, they measure how much force is used.
They are used to measure weight.