Pythagoras said that all things are numbers. Because the characteristics of an atom can be described in numbers, any substance can be expressed as a combination of these numbers.
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Pythagoras did not specifically discuss atoms, as the concept of the atom was developed by later philosophers like Democritus. Pythagoras focused on geometry, mathematics, and the concept of numbers as the essence of reality.
The correct order is Pythagoras, Edison, Gauss, Hawking. Pythagoras was around 500 BC, Edison was in the 19th century, Gauss was in the 18th-19th century, and Hawking was in the 20th century.
Rutherford proposed that atoms have a dense, positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets around the sun. This led to the development of the planetary model of the atom.
Molecules stay together through chemical bonds formed between their atoms. These bonds can be covalent, ionic, or metallic depending on the types of atoms involved and the sharing or transfer of electrons between them. The strength and type of chemical bond determine how tightly the atoms are held together in a molecule.
No, the chlorine atoms do not return the electrons to the sodium atoms.
Decaying uranium atoms in the Earth's crust are radioactive and release energy in the form of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation as they decay. This process occurs at a constant rate known as the half-life of uranium. The decay of uranium atoms plays a significant role in the geologic processes and the formation of Earth's natural resources.