It is the conductor that is used in service distribution panels that bonds the distribution panel's neutral bus bar to the ground electrode (rod). This brings all of the distribution panel neutrals that are connected to the same supply system to the same potential, that being zero. Should a supply service neutral open this ground wire will maintain the systems integrity until repairs can be made.
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No, the bare copper grounding conductor can not be in a conduit with other conductors. It can be in conduit by itself to provide mechanical protection for the wire.
3/0 awg wire
In Canada the grounding electrode requirement is for two steel 5/8" x 10' copper clad rods spaced 10 feet apart.
The grounding conductor of a service distribution is sized by the ampacity of the service. By just stating the wire size, this does not give this information, as many variables enter into what wires are used depending on length, ambient temperature and insulation factor to name a few.
Which is the mínimum distance between the electrode an a grounding part.