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The 1's complement is formed by inverting every binary digit (bit) of the number - if it is a 0 it becomes a 1, otherwise it is a 1 and becomes a 0.

If 10 is in base 2, then its 1's compliment is 01 or just 1.

If 10 is in base 10, then in binary it is 1010 and its 1's complement is 0101 = 5 in decimal.

However, if more bits are being used to store it, there would be leading 0s that get inverted to 1s and so the resultant number is different; examples:

8 bits (a byte): decimal 10 = 0000 1010 → 1111 0101 = 245 in decimal

16 bits: decimal 10 = 0000 0000 0000 1010 → 1111 1111 1111 0101 = 65525

Next, if 2s complement is being used to represent negative numbers, the binary 1111 0101 represents decimal -11; similarly 1111 1111 1111 0101 represents decimal -11.

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