Good question. A relation is simply that; any x-value to create any y-value. A function, however, cannot be defined for multiple values of x. In other words, for a relation to be a function, it must have singular values for all x within its domain.
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A function is a specific type of relation.
Both a function and a relation have input and output. A function is limited to only one output for each input, though. A relation has no limit on how many outputs each input can have.
A function is more difficult than a relation while a relation is more simpler than a function.
A function is a relation whose mapping is a bijection.
In mathematics the difference between a function and a relation is that each X-value in a function only has a single Y-value.
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fundamental difference between a polynomial function and an exponential function?
Not every relation is a function. But every function is a relation. Function is just a part of relation.