The volume of liquid displaced has the same mass as the floating object.
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Yes
Exactly the same as for a non-floating object. Finding the volume of a shape does not vary, (i.e it's always something along the lines of height*width*depth, or area of base *height. "Table" or "surface" is irrelevant, since if it not a variable in the formula). This is true whether the object is floating or not.
For two liquids of the same volume, the liquid with a higher density will have greater mass. Similarly, the liquid with a greater mass has a higher density. This is only true for samples of equal volume, however.
That statement is false. Volume is found by multiplying length by width by height.
To calculate the density, find the mass and the volume. Mass divided by volume = Density. Each substance has a different density. Density is measured in g/cc (solids) or g/ml (liquids).