If it is called the "y-axis", that means it refers to variable "y".
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If there is clearly a pair of independent and dependent variables, then it is the dependent variable. Otherwise either.
.... then your graph is inverted.
Which point is not located on the xaxis or the yaxis of a coordinate grid?Read more:Which_point_is_not_located_on_the_xaxis_or_the_yaxis_of_a_coordinate_grid
The vertical y axis on the Cartesian plane is both negative and positive