-2 and 2 are opposites as they lie on opposite side of 0 on number line. They are equal distance from 0 in different directions.
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They are opposites in the context of addition. And that is because the sum of -2 and 2 is 0, which is the identity element for addition.
They are additive inverses of each other. They are often called opposites, but that is not good practise. You can have multiplicative inverses (1/2 and 2 because they multiply to 1), and will you call them opposites also?
There are opposites of some adverbs and adjectives. The idea of "opposites" is conceptually weak and not all words have opposites.
The elements of the set ... -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ... are known as integers
No, sometimes they are not opposites like captain to ship.
No, they are opposites, just like multiplication and division are opposites.