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When Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) attempted to promote the heliocentric theory (that the earth moves around the sun) in the seventeenth century, he was tried by the Inquisition in Rome and found "vehemently suspect of heresy". The sentence imposed did not include excommunication, but he was required to "abjure, curse and detest" those opinions and was placed under house arrest for the term of his life.

Only in 1965 did the Catholic Church revoke its condemnation of Galileo.

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