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The three conditions necessary for causation between variables are covariance (relationship between variables), temporal precedence (the cause must precede the effect in time), and elimination of plausible alternative explanations (other possible causes are ruled out).
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When two variables are related but one does not cause the other researchers term the situation?
Researchers term the situation as correlation. Correlation indicates a statistical relationship between two variables, showing how they move together but not necessarily implying causation. The strength and direction of the correlation can provide insights into the relationship between the variables.
What is experimentation in sociology?
Experimentation in sociology involves designing and conducting studies to determine causation or relationships between variables in a controlled setting. Researchers manipulate one or more variables to observe their effects on others in order to test hypotheses and theories. This method allows sociologists to gather empirical evidence to understand social phenomena and human behavior.
What is correlational survey?
Correlational surveys involve measuring the relationship between two or more variables without manipulating them. By collecting data on these variables from a sample of participants, researchers can determine the extent to which changes in one variable are associated with changes in another, providing insight into potential patterns or connections between the variables.
What is a casual relationship in research?
A casual relationship in research refers to a situation where a change in one variable appears to cause a change in another variable. It implies that there is a cause-and-effect link between the two variables. However, it is important to remember that correlation does not imply causation, and establishing a causal relationship requires further rigorous testing and evidence.
What is a popular form of summary many sociologists utilize to quickly and clearly show a relationship between two variables?
Sociologists often use scatter plots to visually represent the relationship between two variables. This graphical tool helps quickly identify patterns and trends in the data, showing the strength and direction of the relationship between the variables.
What are some relationships that exist between variables?
Causation, correlation...
What is the study of causation called?
The study of causation is called causality or causation theory. It involves examining the cause-and-effect relationships between variables or events to understand how one factor influences another.
What are the weaknesses of using correlational research?
Correlational research cannot establish causation, only association between variables. It does not account for all potential confounding variables that could be influencing the relationship between variables. It is also susceptible to issues like selection bias and third variables impacting results.
Is causation the focus of explanatory research?
Yes, causation is a central focus of explanatory research. Explanatory research aims to understand the relationships between variables and uncover the causes behind certain phenomena or outcomes. It seeks to explain why certain events occur and how variables are connected to each other.
When an experiment shows that one variable makes another Chang and no other variables have any effect the experiment shows?
causation
When an experiment shows that one variable makes another variable change and no other variables have any effect the experiment?
causation
When an experiment shows that two variable are closely related that experiment shows?
that there is a correlation between the two variables. However, correlation does not imply causation, so it is important to further investigate to determine the nature of the relationship between the variables.
When is a correlation research method used?
A correlation research method is used to examine the relationship between two variables to see if they are related and how they may change together. It helps to determine if there is a pattern or connection between the variables, but it does not imply causation.
What are the steps in causal relations?
Identify the variables: Determine the variables involved in the relationship. Establish causation: Determine if changes in one variable directly cause changes in another. Control for confounding variables: Consider and address other factors that may influence the relationship. Establish directionality: Determine the direction of cause and effect between the variables. Test causation: Conduct experiments or analyze data to test and confirm the causal relationship.
What does correlation mean in maths?
Correlation is a statistical measure of the linear association between two variables. It is important to remember that correlation does not mean causation and also that the absence of correlation does not mean the two variables are unrelated.
Can a correlation have dependant and independent variables?
Yes, a correlation can exist between two variables, regardless of their nature as dependent or independent. The correlation coefficient quantifies the degree of relationship between variables, indicating how changes in one variable are associated with changes in the other. However, correlation does not imply causation.
Define and differentiate between endogenous and exogenous variables?
The endogenous variables value is established by the conditions of the other variables in the structure. The exogenous variables value in independent of the conditions of the other variables in the structure. The difference between the endogenous and exogenous variables is the endogenous depends solely on the structure and the exogenous depend on outside elements.
