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A recent survey of 50 executives who were laid off from their previous position revealed it took a mean of 26 weeks for them to find anoher positio the standard deviation of the sample was 6.2 weeks?
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∙ 14y ago
A recent survey of 50 executives who were laid off from their previous position revealed it took a mean of 26 weeks for them to find anoher positio. the standard deviation of the sample was 6.2 weeks. construct a 95 % confidence interval for the population. Is it reasonable that the population mean is 28 weeks? Justify your answer
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∙ 14y ago
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Express the null hypothesis H0 and the alternative hypothesis H1 in symbolic form Use the correct symbol p for the indicated parameter.For a researcher claims that 62 of voters favor gun control?
== == A random sample of 15 observations from the first population revealed a sample mean of 350 and a sample standard deviation of 12. A random sample of 17 observations from the second population revealed a sample mean of 342 and a sample standard deviation of 15. At the .10 significance level, is there a difference in the population means? ***Please show all the steps and work you used to conclude an answer and explain it as you would to a simpleton. Thank you so much. Read more: http://www.justanswer.com/questions/h0ee-null-hypothesis-h0-u1-u2alternate#ixzz0N7q0A7Ns
What is presentation of data?
It is passing on, to others, the important matters revealed by the data
What important feature of the data set is not revealed through the different measures of centre?
The dispersion of the data.
The Difference Between a Qualitative and Quantitative Pregnancy Test?
A pregnancy test can be performed early in pregnancy to predict conception or gestational age. Urine-based pregnancy tests detect pregnancy hormones in urine for a positive or negative result. Blood tests measure how much of a pregnancy hormone is present.Qualitative Pregnancy Test – UrineHome pregnancy test kits and urine pregnancy tests given by a physician are qualitative. Qualitative refers to the method of diagnosing pregnancy. Urine tests measure the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in urine. If hCG is present, the test results are positive. If no hCG is found in urine, the test will be negative.False negatives are more common with a urine pregnancy test than false positives. False negatives can be caused by frequent urination due to high fluid intake and miscalculated start day of current menstrual cycle. False positives are typically linked to fertility treatments and prescription medications that include hCG as a means of increasing chance of conception.Quantitative Pregnancy Test – BloodA blood pregnancy test can be ordered as early as five to 10 days after unprotected intercourse. Blood pregnancy tests measure hCG levels in quantity rather than just a true or false result. Quantities can then be compared to normal levels as a means of gestational age prediction. In some cases, quantitative pregnant test results are higher than normal. Normal hCG levels at five weeks gestation fall between 18 and 7,340 mlU / ml. Measurements at the higher end of the range could mean medical issues with the pregnancy or multiple fetuses. Blood hCG levels will continue to rise until peaking between nine and 12 weeks gestation. After the 12th week, levels gradually fall until birth.Medical Treatment and Pregnancy TestDue to the possibility of false negative pregnancy test results, women who believe they may be pregnant should exercise caution when taking prescription and over the counter medications deemed unsafe during pregnancy. Diagnostic testing, such as X-rays and radiation-based testing should only be performed when medically necessary. Precautions include lead aprons placed over the abdominal area during X-rays. Prescription medications fall into pregnancy categories based on clinical testing and results. Categories include A, B, C, D and X.Category A drugs have been thoroughly tested for use during pregnancy and deemed safe. Category B is designated after animal testing revealed no signs of fetal harm. Category C may be linked to fetal damage in animal testing. Category D includes drugs proven to cause harm to a human fetus, but benefits from medications in this category could outweigh risks. Category X is reserved for medications that should never be used during pregnancy.
What do researchers use to reduce bias and error in measurement of data?
RESEARCH BIASbias = unknown or unacknowledged error created during the design, measurement, sampling, procedure, or choice of problem studiedbias is so pervasive because we want to confirm our beliefsscience is organized around proving itself wrong not rightkey difference between qualitative and quantitative research isattempts to eliminate bias by quantitative researcherexplicit acknowledgement of bias by qualitative researchers(1) design biasresearch design bias is introduced NOT when the study fails to control for threats to internal and external validity BUT RATHERwhen the study fails to identify the validity problems ORwhen publicity about the research fails to incorporate the researchers cautionse.g. Judith Wallerstein's longitudinal study of divorced children is based on a very small sample of white, upper middle class, California families and no control group BUT it has confirmed the basic belief that divorce is bad for kids, so it is difficult to argue that divorce can be either harmless or useful.confirms the bias that children of divorced parents are damaged goodsevidence to the contrary does not fit the public bias against divorce and gets little exposure2nd eg: selecting the most or least of anything creates a regression effectselecting the poorest peple to study the effects of an anti-poverty programselecting the lowest functioning mentally ill people to study the effects of a therapy programselecting chronic homeless to study the effects of a housing programMolidar selected incarcerated women in his qualitative study of female gang membersSUMMARY: unless your report addresses the problem of regression, it will be a biased report (Molidar does not address this)3rd eg: study dropouts (attrition effect)people who drop out may be the ones who needed it mostalternately, people also drop out when the program worksSUMMARY: unless your report addresses the problem of attrition or experimental mortality, it will be a biased report(2) measurement biasmeasurement bias exists when reseacher fails to contol for the effects of data collection and measuremente.g. tendency of people to give socially desirable answersbig problems when asking about violence, sex, money, criminal behavior, or when the person perceives there is something to loose by their answerusing self report is often biased by social desirabilityin self report, we often use a "lie scale" or a social desirability index to control for "impression management"e.g. plant a series of questions like:I have never told a lie on purposeI always know the difference between right and wrongthe score on the social desiability or lie scale is then used to statistically control for self-reporting biasmost clinical research is highly vulnerable to measurement biase.g. using an invalid measurethe "self esteem" problem: tendency to think self esteem covers everything(3) sampling biassampling bias exists (beyond regression) when the sampling procedure introduces biasKey Sampling Problem #1: omission of women, Hispanics or other minorities from samples OR studying only minoritiesmost medical studies have been done on white or black maleswe know little about women and heart diseaseALL child abuse studies have been done on women abuserswe know virtually nothing about child abuse by menalmost ALL partner abuse studies have been done on heterosexual coupleswe know next to nothing about gay and lesbian partner violenceKey Sampling Problem #2: targeting the most desirable or most accessible samplee.g. in research on the effectiveness of batterers treatment programs, some researchers use conflictual couples seeking marriage counseling, and exclude court referred batterers, batterers with co-existing mental disorders, batterers who are severely violent, and batterers who are substance abusers . . . and then conduct the research in suburban university settingsthe problem is not the sample, it's the failure to acknowledge the bias the sample brings(4) procedural biasprocedural bias exists most often when we administer the research interview or questionnaire under adverse conditionsusing studentse.g. using psych students for course creditpaying subjectse.g. my own study of addiction and domestic violence--Ss were paid $25 each, or $50 a couplefor a couple of crack addicts, $50 is a powerful incentive to date for a few hourse.g. administering questionnaires in a brief intervale.g. our own study of domestic violence in a Tennessee garment factoryIn addition to social desirability and anti-feminist measurement bias, we also have the questionnaires group administered in a small room during a meeting, and the subjects are paid by the piece so the longer it takes to fill out the questionnaire, the more money it costs them.(5) "type III " error or problem biastype 1 error or false positiveindependent variable had no effect, but you erroneously think it didbias usually results from not acknowledging other factors which could account for the same resulttype 2 error or detection failureindependent variable had an effect, but you didn't noticebias usually results from not acknowledging eitheryour sample was too smallyour measurement was too gross, oryou didn't do a good statistical analysistype 3 error: solving the wrong problembias results fromfailing to acknowledge we asked the wrong questions to the wrong people while trying to solve the wrong problem, orwe fail to adequately identify more problematic background assumptionsEXAMPLE #1: RQ: WHY DO BLACK STUDENTS SCORE LOWER ON IQ TESTS THAN WHITE STUDENTS?asks wrong question; some black students do score lower on IQ tests & some do notunstated and untested assumption: black students are dumber than white studentsbetter question #1: WHICH BLACK STUDENTS SCORE LOWER ON IQ TESTS THAN WHICH WHITE STUDENTS?better question #2: WHAT FACTORS PREDICT BLACK STUDENTS SCORING HIGHER ON IQ TESTS THAN WHITE STUDENTS?EXAMPLE #2: RQ: "WHY DO SOME RAPE VICTIMS HAVE A HIGHER INCIDENCE OF CHILDHOOD INCEST THAN NON RAPE VICTIMS?"this question is better than the previous question because it admits the possibility that some rape victims do not have a history of childhood incest, and implicitly wonders what factors predict which victims do and which victims dont.3 problem w/ this question are:ignores the rapist and focuses on the victimimplicitly assumes that one of the causes of rape is prior victimizationcasts rape as a mental health problem rather than a criminal justice problemBETTER QUESTION #1: WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MEN WHO RAPE?BETTER QUESTION #2: WHAT FACTORS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SUCCESSFUL RAPE PROSECUTIONThis question part of a whole class of research which is victim-blamingwill talk more about doing victim-blaming research in a minuteEXAMPLE #3: WHAT EFFECT DO COMPANY PROVISION OF DAYCARE SERVICES HAVE ON THE JOB SATISFACTION OF WOMEN?Implicitly assumes:women are (and should be) the caretakers of childrenwomen should have children and be parentswomen need to have children to be satisfied with their jobBETTER QUESTION: WHAT EFFECT DO COMPANY PROVISION OF DAYCARE SERVICES HAVE ON THE JOB SATISFACTION OF EMPLOYEES WHO HAVE CHILDREN and EMPLOYEES WHO DO NOT HAVE CHILDREN?all above questionsselect vulnerable or minority populations to studyask questions which hinge on an unstated assumptionasking the wrong question and solving the wrong problem (Type 3 error) tends to support the phenomena of "blaming the victim" or what sociologists call thejust world hypothesisJust World Hypothesis = in a fair and just world, good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad peopleever since adam & eve (in the levantine religions such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) anything connected to or close to nature is seen as implicitly BAD (bad=ill, mentally ill, the cause of problems, or the reason problems get worse)women are ascribed with mysterious natural powers (she casts a spell on men)non-white people, native or indigenous people are ascribed with dark powers (especially physical and sexual powers)animals or raw nature or "drive" are ascribed with uncontrollable impulses, which are seen as bad, "Libido"How to blame victims in research:1. Assume homogeneity. Assume a minority or at-risk population is homogenous"all MOYCHes are alike" (MOYCH=Minority of Your Choice)e.g. all women on welfare are similar2. Wonder about variation. Ask the basic question of research: "why dont they score the average?"why arent they like the majority, not-at-risk group?why are black women on welfare?why are latinos so uneducated?3. Speculate on a predictor of variation. Find some characteristic of the subgroup which may explain the deviancemost black women on welfare are unmarriedmany latinos speak spanish in their home4. Assume causality. If the characteristic is found in the minority subgroup, assume it explains the deviance from the normthe reason women are on welfare is that black men have abdicated their role as provider and black women have assumed leadership in the familywe now have a African American matriarchy of dominant, welfare dependent single mothers in the inner city (Plausible, except it ignores facts that: most women on welfare are white and child support non-payment, not race, is the major cause of welfare dependency)assume the reason latinos fail in school is speaking spanish; latino families do not care to be integrated into the mainstream by speaking englishwe now see latino families as non-compliant, resistent, and mono-cultural (Plausible, but ignores the facts that most latino dropouts speak english; many latinos are bicultural, while most mainstream white people are mono-cultural;(Also ignores an alternative conclusion: the reason some latinos fail in school is not because they dont speak english, but because the schools dont speak spanish)5. Attribution. Begin to view the characteristic as an attribute of the groupAfrican americans are on welfare--thats how they areconclude: black women are welfare queensLatino families are not interested in the "melting pot"--they want to do things the way they did in mexico or cuba or puerto ricoconclude; latinos are lazyAnother example: why do rape victims have a higher incidence of incest?rape victims are over sexualized (victims of early abuse, so they are tuned in to sex)study the sexual attitudes,belief & experiences of rape victimsif the results are different than non-rape victims (they will be), assume this supports the theory that rape victims are more sexualized than non-rape victimstherefore, sexualization is a predictor (cause) of rapei.e. the victim's sexuality causes the raperesearch with minorities require extra efforts to keep from biasminority trait, not statekey factor is power, not numberBlack africans in south africa used to be a minority, but in 1994 became a true majority, even though their numbers remained the same"colored" and whites are now minorities in south africacolored=anyone who is not black or whiteminority is anyone who is not (in USA):whitemaleChristianheterosexualabled (physically & mentally)age 18-65H2 do research with minorities:be accountable to your Sscarry out research with full involvement of Ss, from conceptualization to interpretation of resultsuse combination of qualitative & quantitative designsparticipant observationsemi-structured interviews"back validation"panel/pretest/pilotin depth interviewslanguage validationnarrative data (eg self anchored test)avoid standardized instrumentsavoid post-hoc studies; front load minority input and longitateavoid assumption of homogeneityselect problems that are the felt difficulty of the community rather than the researcherLiane Davis' critique of "masculine research"feminine research: connection, collaboration between Ss and rschr, studied in natural context, behaviors not studied in isolationmasculine rsch: hierarchal, researcher defines parameters in advance, Ss provides the information, phenomena & Ss are studied apart from their world, out of contextmain result was the complexity revealed in the feminine study. Argues that social work problems are, in fact, complex, and therefore require a finine approach to researchMartha Heineman Pieper's label of social work research as a "psuedoscience", and contasts to "huerism"PSUEDOSCIENCElogicalpositivistic: all information must come through the senses; if it isnt "sensible" it is not appropriate data; ultimately, if you cant measure it, it isnt realempirical: observations representing realityHUERISM (eg ethnography, phenomenology, ecology, structuralism)Hueristic challenges:controlled experiments create a researcher-practitioner conflictresearcher is always biased, non-neutral observerclinical problems are complicated, cant be reduced to testable statementssituational knowledge is more important than universal lawsstatistical significance NE importanceclinical significancerecognition of bias is more important tahn attempts to eliminate it"solving the wrong problem" is Pieper's overall critiqie: she say that "it is better to find an approximate answer to the right question than an exact answer to the wrong question"
Can you give a sentence with artifacts?
The archaeological excavation revealed many artifacts from the previous civilization such as pottery .
In which Degrassi episode is Anya's dyslexia revealed?
yes it is reveled by holly j in a previous season
What position taken by Luther in his debate with Eck at Leipzig in 1519 revealed him as an unshriven unrepentant apostate?
Luther's position was to defiend jans hus
Who does kenpachi defeat to become a captain on bleach?
He defeated th previous 11th squad captain, the squad captain's name was never revealed. Maki and Kenpachi talk about it in the Bounto Arc.
What was Kairi's previous home before she came to Destiny Islands in Kingdom Hearts?
It's revealed in a flashback in Kingdom Hearts that Kairi was originally from Hollow Bastion or as it's now known Radiant Garden.
Who is the famous guy in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets?
Gilderoy Lockhart, a famous author who takes the position of Defence Against the Dark Arts professor. He is later revealed to be a fraud.
What are the cheats for the goliathan ub 1?
The previous answer, "the cheat for the golithan ub 1 is fiero2" is wrong. That is the cheat code for the GoliathanNitro - NOT the UB-1.So far, the cheat for the Golitan UB-1 has not been revealed
What is a sentence using the word revealed?
"The questions were revealed before the examination." "She revealed the truth about her to him yesterday." "His scar was revealed yesterday because of the hole in his shirt."
When was Surat Al-teen revealed?
It was revealed in Makkah.
To give away and rhymes with sealed?
Revealed.
What is the position of New Jersey State Senator Ronald Rice on the pending bill to legalize same-sex marriage in that state?
Mr. Rice was one of only two Democrats that voted against the bill on February 13, 2012. He has not revealed whether he has changed his position on the issue since then.
How do you use revealed by in a sentence?
" The thief's identity was revealed by my mother."
