Non-numerical nominal characteristics can be the brands of cars we drive, the names of cities were we live, our race, religion, etc. Numerical nominal characteristics can be area codes, zip codes, numbers on the back of jerseys of Basketball players. Numerical, non-nominal data is someone's weight or height.
No. A discrete variable is one that takes discrete numerical values. But a discrete variable can be ordered while a nominal one cannot. Age, in years, is a discrete variable, and you can say that a 10-year old is younger than a 20-year old who is younger than a 40-year old. Favourite fruit would generate a nominal variable but you cannot say that a banana is more than an apple which, in turn, is more than an orange, etc. (Remember, you are talking only of the nominal values of the fruit - not their price or size or nutritional value or any such characteristic.)
In the context of a sample of size n out of a population of N, any sample of size n has the same probability of being selected. This is equivalent to the statement that any member of the population has the same probability of being included in the sample.
A statistic (as a numerical fact) is a value taken from a sample of a population. For example a summary of a political poll would produce many numerical statistics. Statistics as a discipline involves creating and carrying out sampling designs, knowing how to analyze data, creating mathematical models for different processes, predicting future results, and optimizing systems. That is why statistics can by applied to any other field of study, any time you have to research, prove, or improve something the discipline of statistics is very valuable.
If the population is not evenly dispersed then the sample may unfortunately come from a section that is not typical of the population. That means the sample will not be representative of the population and so any estimates for the population, based on sample statistics are biased and therefore unreliable.
INFERENCES Any calculated number from a sample from the population is called a 'statistic', such as the mean or the variance.
They have the same form for any variables, but the numerical coefficients can be different.
An example of a nominal-is-best quality characteristic is color. Color can be described using categories such as red, blue, green, etc., without any inherent ranking or order.
The whole point of a nominal variable is that is has no numerical value associated with it. With a binary measure you can allocated the values 1 and 0 or +1 and -1 for observations where the attribute is present or absent. If there are more than 2 values that the nominal variable can take then you can allocate any numbers that you want but in all cases the numbers do not have a value: they are simply symbols which can help for sorting and for binary comparisons.
No. A discrete variable is one that takes discrete numerical values. But a discrete variable can be ordered while a nominal one cannot. Age, in years, is a discrete variable, and you can say that a 10-year old is younger than a 20-year old who is younger than a 40-year old. Favourite fruit would generate a nominal variable but you cannot say that a banana is more than an apple which, in turn, is more than an orange, etc. (Remember, you are talking only of the nominal values of the fruit - not their price or size or nutritional value or any such characteristic.)
any characteristic that hasn't spread throughout a population
Not necessarily. It can be of any type. Real, Personal or Nominal.
The nominal fee for admission to the museum was five dollars.
Parameters in statistics is an important component of any statistical analysis. In simple words, a parameter is any numerical quantity that characterizes a given population or some aspect of it. This means the parameter tells us something about the whole population.
numerical statistics behind boiled-eggs
The numerical value of 1 is 1. The numerical value of any figure is its absolute value, ignoring its negative or positive sign.
The numerical value of 5 is 5. The numerical value of any given number is the number itself.
It is a poorly worded question. Any number in an expression can be a numerical variable.