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The solution is count the number of letters in the word and divide by the number of permutations of the repeated letters; 7!/3! = 840.
The number of permutations of the letters in the word LOUISIANA is 9 factorial or 362,880. However, since the letters I and A are each repeated once, you need to divide that by 4 to determine the number of distinct permutations, giving you 90,720.
The word MATHEMATICS has 11 letters. The number of permutations of 11 things taken 11 at a time is 11 factorial (11!), or 39,916,800.
The number of permutations of the letters SWIMMING is 8 factorial or 40,320. The number of distinct permutations, however, due to the duplication of the letters I and M is a factor of 4 less than that, or 10,080.
We know there are 10! (ten factorial) permutations (that's about 3,628,800 permutations); however, we know that number includes repeated permutations, as there are 3 s', 3 t's and 2 i's. So we have to divide by the number of ways these can be written as individual permutations (if they were considered as unique elements), which are 3! (= 6), 3! and 2! (= 2) respectively. So our final calculation would be 3628800 / (6 * 6 * 2) = 50400 unique permutations.