sqrt(x2)=|x|, (sqrt(x))2=x
*sqrt=square root of
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The standard deviation is defined as the square root of the variance, so the variance is the same as the squared standard deviation.
A quick answer: F is the ratio of two Chi squared divided by their degrees of freedom respectively. Where: * (X1)2 & (X2)2 are the Chi squared for the variables 1 & 2 respectively (formatting issues prevented proper use of Greek letters for Chi sq) * v1 & V2 are the degrees of freedom (also refered to as df) respective to the variables 1 & 2
A Chi-square table is used in a Chi-square test in statistics. A Chi-square test is used to compare observed data with the expected hypothetical data.
The chi-squared test is used to compare the observed results with the expected results. If expected and observed values are equal then chi-squared will be equal to zero. If chi-squared is equal to zero or very small, then the expected and observed values are close. Calculating the chi-squared value allows one to determine if there is a statistical significance between the observed and expected values. The formula for chi-squared is: X^2 = sum((observed - expected)^2 / expected) Using the degrees of freedom, use a table to determine the critical value. If X^2 > critical value, then there is a statistically significant difference between the observed and expected values. If X^2 < critical value, there there is no statistically significant difference between the observed and expected values.