I'll give you some common Greek symbols used in statistical analyses. I can't tell you which is the most common one given the enormous task of reviewing every statistics book. The Greek mu for mean, sigma for variance and rho for correlation are probably the first ones that one encounters in statistical analyses. Also, beta for beta distribution, gamma for gamma distribution, chi for chi-squared distribution. Alpha and beta are common as distribution parameters. In derivations, delta is common for differences of variables. Tau is common for a time variable. You will find more information in the related link.
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Lamdba (like most Greek letters in statistics) usually denotes a parameter of a distribution (usually of Poisson, gamma or exponential distributions). This will specify the entire distribution and allow for numerical analysis of the probability generating, moment generating, probability density/mass, distribution and/or cumulant functions (along with all moments), as and where these are defined.
Level of measurement most inferential statistics rely upon is ratio.
Mean.
No statistics have been collected
It is the value that occurs most often in a set of data.