refers to difference between sample & population that exist only coz of the observations that happened to be selected for the sample.
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Random errors can be parallax and from changes in the environment.
there are few types of errors in levelling...... these arr...... 1- instrumental error 2- collimation error 3- errors due to curvature and refraction 4- some other errors also
There are three types of systematic error....they are as follow (1) instrumental uncertainties that are attributable to imperfections in measuring devices, (2) method uncertainties that are caused by nonideal chemical or physical behavior of analytical systems. (3) personal uncertainties that result from physical or psychological limitations of the analyst
The main types of series are time series.
differentiate the three types of variables from one another