If a value for a variable "satisfies an equation", that means that when a variable is replaced by the value, the equation is true (same values on the left and on the right).
Some equations have a single solution (a single value that satisfies the equation), for example:
x + 1 = 5
will only be true if x is replaced with 4. A quadratic equation quite often has two solutions, for example:
x2 - 5x + 6 = 0
is true for x = 2, and for x = 3. A polynomial of degree n can have up to n solutions. A trigonometric equation, such as sin(x) = 0, often has an infinite number of solution, due to its periodic nature.
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Any set of numbers can have only one mean and only one median but it can have as many modes as it has values.
Mean
The mean is a summary statistic that shows where the center of your dataset is. There are several types of mean but the most common is the arithmetic mean which is simply the sum of all the values divided by the number of values.
34.1% of the data values fall between (mean-1sd) and the mean.
It is the mean or average value of the n values. [Σn xi]/n = xmean