standard deviation is the square roots of variance, a measure of spread or variability of data . it is given by (variance)^1/2
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It is a measure of the spread of the distribution. The greater the standard deviation the more variety there is in the observations.
The mean and standard deviation often go together because they both describe different but complementary things about a distribution of data. The mean can tell you where the center of the distribution is and the standard deviation can tell you how much the data is spread around the mean.
The standard deviation is the standard deviation! Its calculation requires no assumption.
Standard error of the mean (SEM) and standard deviation of the mean is the same thing. However, standard deviation is not the same as the SEM. To obtain SEM from the standard deviation, divide the standard deviation by the square root of the sample size.
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