I think you are asking: What is hypothesis testing in the field of statistics. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_hypothesis_testing
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with the alternative hypothesis the reasearcher is predicting
A non-directional research hypothesis is a kind of hypothesis that is used in testing statistical significance. It states that there is no difference between variables.
The power of a statistical test is the probability that the test will reject the null hypothesis when it is, in fact, false. Please see the link.
A hypothesis is the first step in running a statistical test (t-test, chi-square test, etc.) A NULL HYPOTHESIS is the probability that what you are testing does NOT occur. An ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS is the probability that what you are testing DOES occur.
Make objective decisions about the validity of the hypotheses.