Consider a distribution with an unknown parameter pi. If the true value of pi is not known but has been estimated, then the estimated value is usually denoted by pi-hat. This is to distinguish between a known parameter and an estimated one.
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Pi is the population proportion of successes.
It is the estimate for s, the sample standard deviation.
p-hat is the 'proportion in your sample.' It may be given as a percentage, a proportion or you will have to figure it out as a fraction (proportion).
The two main branches of statistics is Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.
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