Probability is the likelihood that some particular event will occur. It is expressed as a number between 0 and 1, where 0 means the event will not occur, and 1 means the event will occur. Values in between 0 and 1 indicate the relative likelihood, i.e. "probability", that the event will occur.
For instance, the probability of tossing heads on a fair coin toss is 0.5, the probability of rolling a 3 on a standard die is 1 in 6, or about 0.1667, and the probability of drawing an ace of spades from a standard deck of 52 cards is 1 in 52 or about 0.01923.
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A probability sample is one in which each member of the population has the same probability of being included. An alternative and equivalent definition is that it is a sample such that the probability of selecting that particular sample is the same for all samples of that size which could be drawn from the population.
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Theoretical probability is the probability of an event when all outcomes are equally likely. With theoretical probability, you determine the probability by dividing the number of ways the event can occur by the total number of equally likely outcomes.
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