Categorical data (or variable) consists of names representing categories. For example, the gender (categories of male & female) of the people where you work or go to school; or the make of cars in the parking lot (categories of Ford, GM, Toyota, Mazda, KIA, etc) is categorical data. Numerical data (or variable) consists of numbers that represent counts or measurements. For example, the number of males & females where you work or go to school; or the number of the make of cars Ford, GM, Toyota, Mazda, KIA, etc is numerical data.
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Basically categorical variable yield data in the categories e.g sex (male, female), modes of transport (Bus, railway, etc) and numerical variables yield data in numerical form e.g. age (0-100), number of accident on a certain highway (0,1,2,..).
The difference between these both is that the control is what stays the same in an experiment and the variable is what changes.
It is just a factor or categorical variable. On the other hand for instance, If your age is continuous (rather than age brackets) then it would be a covariate. If your age is given as age-brackets, then it wont be covariate.
a control is a object that cant be changed in an experiment and a variable is a object that can be changed in a expirament
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