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It means that there is a strong positive association between changes in the two variables being studied. Positive association means that the two variables tend to increase together or decrease together. Note that there is no mention of a causal relationship between the variables.
Event 1 makes Event 2 happen.
You did not list any events.
A Teacher drops A box of chalk, and her chalkboard Crack a few minuets later.
You use it when the relationship between the two variables of interest is linear. That is, if a constant change in one variable is expected to be accompanied by a constant [possibly different from the first variable] change in the other variable. Note that I used the phrase "accompanied by" rather than "caused by" or "results in". There is no need for a causal relationship between the variables. A simple linear regression may also be used after the original data have been transformed in such a way that the relationship between the transformed variables is linear.