the sample standard deviation
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Not a lot. After all, the sample sd is an estimate for the population sd.
If the population standard deviation is sigma, then the estimate for the sample standard error for a sample of size n, is s = sigma*sqrt[n/(n-1)]
The sample standard error.
If repeated samples are taken from a population, then they will not have the same mean each time. The mean itself will have some distribution. This will have the same mean as the population mean and the standard deviation of this statistic is the standard deviation of the mean.
Standard error of the sample mean is calculated dividing the the sample estimate of population standard deviation ("sample standard deviation") by the square root of sample size.