ratio
Ordinal. Tests responses are usually correct or incorrect. This would be assigned a value and the number of correct answers is the score of the test. There is a logical order, a correct answer is better than an incorrect answer, so it is not nominal data. Even though we calculate averages, test responses are not interval data, as there is no meaning to the interval. See related link.
To test a prediction based on one of two hypotheses.
A powerful test is the chi-square contingency table.
The two samples must be independent and the data must be at least ordinal. Under those conditions the Mann-Whitney U test can be used.
ratio
The independent variable in ANOVA must be categorical (either nominal or ordinal). The dependent variable must be scale (either interval or ratio). However, it is possible to recode scale variables to categorical and vice versa in order to perform ANOVA. While this is a common practice in many social sciences, it is controversial. I have also seen studies where ordinal data is treated as scale in ANOVA. Personally, I do not endorse either practice as they are tailoring the data to fit the test instead of the proper method of selecting a test that fits the data.
Ordinal. Tests responses are usually correct or incorrect. This would be assigned a value and the number of correct answers is the score of the test. There is a logical order, a correct answer is better than an incorrect answer, so it is not nominal data. Even though we calculate averages, test responses are not interval data, as there is no meaning to the interval. See related link.
statistical goodness of fit test used for categorical data to test if a sample of data came from a population with a specific distribution. It can be applied for discrete distributions.
To test a prediction based on one of two hypotheses.
A powerful test is the chi-square contingency table.
Parametric statistical tests assume that your data are normally distributed (follow a classic bell-shaped curve). An example of a parametric statistical test is the Student's t-test.Non-parametric tests make no such assumption. An example of a non-parametric statistical test is the Sign Test.
The Chi-square test is a statistical test that is usually used to test how well a data set fits some hypothesised distribution.
statistical tests
It depends on what you want to test. Goodnesss of fit or some null hypothesis?
Ordered data is pretty simple. It is data which is measured (or found from a test) in ordinal types of measurement. E.G. 1 cat, 2 cats, 3 cats etc.
The Kruskal-Wallis test is a non-parametric statistical test used to compare the medians of three or more independent groups. It is appropriate to use when the data violate the assumptions of parametric tests, such as ANOVA, such as non-normality or unequal variances. It is commonly used when analyzing ordinal or continuous data that are not normally distributed. You can get expert assistance also from various online consultancies such as SPSS-Tutor, Silverlake Consult, etc.