If you know two sides of a triangle, trig lets you find the third. So if you want to know the distance across a lake, measure two lines along the side of the lake such that they form a triangle with the line across the lake, and you can find the distance across. You can also find one side if you know one side and the angles at either end. This can be used to find the heights of objects - you know the angle it makes to the ground, how far you are from it, and what angle you have to look at to see the top.
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That depends on your profession. If you are a math teacher, then you might use a lot of Trig. If you are an engineer, working with forces on any object from different directions, then you would use trig. Electrical engineers use trig. Surveyors use trig.
how can trigonometry use in metallurgy
One example of an astronomer's use of trigonometry is determining the distance to a star by triangulation.
Mechanics use trigonometry to find angles mostly used in body or chassis work.
The first recorded use of trigonometry came from the Hellenistic mathematician Hipparchus