This is a complicated subject, which can't be explained in a few words. Read the Wikipedia article on "eigenvalue"; or better yet, read a book on linear algebra. Briefly, and quoting from the Wikipedia, "The eigenvectors of a square matrix are the non-zero vectors that, after being multiplied by the matrix, remain parallel to the original vector. For each eigenvector, the corresponding eigenvalue is the factor by which the eigenvector is scaled when multiplied by the matrix."
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No matter what the angles are:* Express the vectors in Cartesian (rectangular) coordinates; in two dimensions, this would usually mean separating them into an x-component and a y-component. * Add the components of all the vectors. For example, the x-component of the resultant vector will be the sum of the x-components of all the other vectors. * If you so wish (or the teacher so wishes!), convert the resulting vector back into polar coordinates (i.e., distance and direction).
Since secant theta is the same as 1 / cosine theta, the answer is any values for which cosine theta is zero, for example, pi/2.
Trigonometry is used in the fields of design, music, navigation, cartography, manufacturing, physics, optics, projectile motion, and any other field which involves angles, fields, waves, harmonics, and vectors.
There aren't. There are three: Sine, Cosine and Tangent, for any given right-angled triangle. They are related of course: for any given angle A, sinA/cosA = tanA; sinA + cosA =1. As you can prove for yourself, the first by a little algebraic manipulation of the basic ratios for a right-angled triangle, the second by looking up the values for any value such that 0 < A < 90. And those three little division sums are the basis for a huge field of mathematics extending far beyond simple triangles into such fields as harmonic analysis, vectors, electricity & electronics, etc.
Zero. For example, if two people pull in the same direction, they are more effective than if they pull in opposite directions. The latter (180°) is the worst-case scenario in this case.