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Let's assume you have 1 L of the 37% solution by volume of chemical A. So your solution would contain 0.37 L of A & 0.63 L of water.
0.37 L of A / (0.37 L of A + 0.63 L of water) = 37% solution of A
Obviously in order to dilute the solution to 2% we have to add water. Now we need to figure out how much. We'll call it X. So you set up the ratio as follows & solve for X.
0.37 / (0.37 + 0.36 + X ) = 0.02
0.37 = 0.02 (1.00 + X)
0.37 = 0.02 + 0.02X
0.37 - 0.02 = 0.02 + 0.02X - 0.02
0.35 = 0.02X
0.35/0.02 = X
X = 17.5, so you would have to add 17.5 L of water to the originial 37% solution to dilute it to 2%.
Obviously this answer will change depending on how much of the 37% solution you have to start with but the procedure to figure it out is still the same.
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