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1st: the size of the box must be identified; most boxes have the size printed on one of the sides. If not then multiply the length by the height by the depth.

if there is a plaster ring on the box add that to the total size of the box.

2nd: the size of each wire must be found at NEC Table 314.16(B) ; for 12 AWG it is 2.25 cubic inches. if size is bigger than #6 AWG then Table 1 Chapter 9.

3ed: for each device installed in the box add two of the wires connected to the device; ie, for and outlet that has 12 AWG wired into it, add 4.5 (2*2.35) cubic inches, for each wire (other than ground) 2.25 cu in. add one 2.25 cu in per all grounds.

IE, 4*4*2.5 square box with a 2 Gang Plaster ring with 1/2 in rise.

(box) 4*4*2.5=40

(ring) 1/2*4*4= 8

total size of the box and ring is 48 Cubic Inches.

what can be fitted int such a box?

two outlets; 2 "devices" * (2 * 2.25) per devices = 9

three 12-2 Romex wires 3 * 2 (conductores per set disregarding ground) * 2.25 = 13.5

two 12-3 Romex wires 3 * 3 (conductores per set disregarding ground) * 2.25 = 20.25

add one 2.25 for all grounds

add one 2.25 for all connecters

9+13.5+13.5 + 2.25 + 2.25= 47.25.

for more details see NEC 314.15

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Q: How many wire size 12 can you put in square box?
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