Trials or experiments.
Experiment
The probability level for an outcome is the probability that the outcome was at least as extreme as the one that was observed.
Empirical means by observation, so empirical probability, or experimental probability, is the probability that is observed in a set of trials. For example, if you flip a coin ten times and get seven heads, your empirical probability is 7 in 10. This is different than the theoretical probability, which for a fair coin is 5 in 10, but that result will only be approximated by the empirical results, and then only with a larger number of trials.
Observed results can arise from both chance and mathematical processes. Statistical methods help determine whether results are significant or likely due to random variation. By using probability and hypothesis testing, researchers can assess the likelihood that observed outcomes are genuine effects rather than random occurrences. Ultimately, the interpretation often depends on the context and the rigor of the analytical methods employed.
It is the probability of the observed value.
Empirical or experimental probability.
The probability of the observed value or something more extreme under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true. That is, the probability of standard scores at least as extreme as the observed test statistic.
I think it means to find the theoretical probability of something random that has results that are numbers. For instance, rolling a die and trying to get a 6 is a "chance activity with numerical outcomes".
The observed results were in line with the expected results, indicating that the hypothesis was supported. This suggests that the experiment was conducted correctly and the variables were controlled effectively.
The probability of a result you want is (the total number of results that would satisfy you) divided by (the total number of all possible results).
Statistics is the study of how probable an observed event is under a set of assumptions about the underlying probability distribution.
Usually as a fraction or ratio. (desired results) : (all results)