None, except that they are functions of one or more variables.
Polynomial vs non polynomial time complexity
A polynomial is several terms added together.
"Non-polynomial" can mean just about anything... How alike it is with the polynomial depends on what specifically you choose to include.
how alike the polynomial and non polynomial
what is non polynomials
Briefly: A polynomial consists only of powers of the variables - ie the variables multiplied by themselves or one another. A non polynomial can include any other function such as trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic etc.
An expression is non polynomial if it has : negative exponent fractional exponent variable exponent in the radicand
No. By the definition of a polynomial, the powers can only be non-negative integers.
The degree is zero.
ambot
That depends a lot on what you choose to include in "non-polynomial" - it can be just about anything. If you are referring to functions, what they have in common is anything that defines a function - mainly, the fact that for every value of an independent variable, a unique value is defined for the independent variable.
If all of its terms are of the form ax^b where a is any constant and b is a non-negative integer then it is a polynomial. If not, it is not.