This usually applies to word problems with several variables which are 'connected' in the story. There are also some additional statements about cost or profit.
The constraints are used to write equations. These are graphed and there is usually an enclosed space, Because all the equations form straight lines, hence the name linear programming. Intersections of these lines gives pionts where the max profit or min cost will occur.
Take these points and put them into the cost/profit equation to find the max/min.
The fundamental theorem is that the max/min will occur at these intersection points that is the whole point of graphing and finding the intersections.
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